H. G. Liddell & R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, rev. and aug. by Sir H. S. Jones. with the ass. of R. McKenzie, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1940.
ῥυθμός , Ion. ῥυσμός (v. infr. 111, IV), ὁ : (ῥέω) :—
A. any regular recurring motion (“πᾶς ῥ. ὡρισμένῃ μετρεῖται κινήσει” Arist.Pr.882b2) :
I. measured motion, time, whether in sound or motion, Democr.15c ; = ἡ τῆς κινήσεως τάξις, Pl.Lg.665a, cf. 672e ; “ὁ ῥ. ἐκ τοῦ ταχέος καὶ βραδέος, ἐκ διενηνεγμένων πρότερον, ὕστερον δὲ ὁμολογησάντων γέγονε” Id.Smp.187b, cf. Suid. s.v. ; rhythm, opp. μέτρον and ἁρμονία, Ar. Nu.638 sq., Pl.R.397b, 398d, 601a, Arist.Rh.1403b31 ; “λόγοι μετὰ μουσικῆς καὶ ῥυθμῶν πεποιημένοι” Isoc.15.46 ; of Prose rhythm, Arist.Rh.1408b29, D.H.Comp.17 : defined by Aristox.Rhyth.1, Aristid.Quint.1.13.
2. special phrases : ἐν ῥυθμῷ in time, of dancing, marching, etc., “βαίνειν ἐν ῥ.” Pl.Lg.670b, cf. X.An.5.4.14 ; “ὀρχεῖσθαι” Id.Cyr.1.3.10 ; ἐν τῷ ῥ. ἀναπνεῖν respire regularly, Arist.Pr.882b1 ; so “σωζόμενος ῥ.” A.Ch.797 (lyr.) ; “μετὰ ῥυθμοῦ βαίνοντες” Th.5.70 ; ῥυθμὸν χορείας ὑπάγειν keep time, Ar.Th.956 (lyr.) ; θάττονα ῥυθμὸν ἐπάγειν play in quicker time, X.Smp.2.22 ; “πυρριχίῳ δρόμῳ καὶ ῥυθμῷ” Hdn.4.2.9, cf. Plb.4.20.6 : pl., paces, Alcid.Soph. 17.
II. measure, proportion or symmetry of parts, at rest as well as in motion, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν ῥ. Pl.Lg.728e.
III. generally, proportion, arrangement, order, “ῥυθμῷ τινι” E.Cyc.398 (codd., but θ᾽ ἑνὶ is prob.) ; οὐκ ἀπὸ ῥυσμοῦ εἰκάζω not without reason, Call. Epigr.44.5.
IV. state or condition of anything, temper, disposition, Thgn.964 (coupled with ὀργή and τρόπος)“ ; οἷος ῥυσμὸς ἀνθρώπους ἔχει” Archil.66.7 ; “ὅσοι χθονίους ἔχουσι ῥυσμοὺς καὶ χαλεπούς” Anacr. 74 ; μένει . . χρῆμ᾽ οὐδὲν ἐν ταὐτῷ ῥ. Eup.356.
V. form, shape of a thing, Democr.5i ; identified by Arist. with σχῆμα, Metaph.985b16, 1042b14 ; μετέβαλον τὸν ῥ. τῶν γραμμάτων changed the form or shape of the letters, Hdt.5.58 ; of Chian boots, Hp.Art.62 ; of the shape of a cup, Alex.59 ; of a breastplate, X.Mem.3.10.10 ; [τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου] LXX 4 Ki.16.10 ; “Αὐτονόας ῥ. ωὑτός” Theoc.26.23 ; so of the natural features of a country, D.P.271,620 ; structure of a substance, κεγχροειδὲς τῷ ῥ., τῷ ῥ. σπογγῶδες, Dsc.5.77,118.
VI. manner, fashion of a thing, “Ἕλλην ῥ. πέπλων” E.Heracl.130 ; τίνι ῥ. φόνου ; by what kind of slaughter ? Id.El.772, cf. Supp.94 ; ἐν τριγώνοις ῥυθμοῖς triangular-wise, A.Fr.78. [υ^ by nature, A.Ch.797 (lyr.), E.Supp.94, etc. ; υ_ by position in Thgn.964, etc.]
REFERENCES :
- Aeschylus, Libation Bearers, 797
- Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae, 956
- Euripides, Cyclops, 398
- Euripides, Electra, 772
- Euripides, Heraclidae, 130
- Euripides, Suppliants, 94
- Herodotus, Histories, 5.58
- Isocrates, Antidosis, 46
- Old Testament, 2 Kings, 16.10
- Plato, Laws, 665a
- Plato, Laws, 672e
- Plato, Laws, 728e
- Plato, Laws, 670b
- Plato, Republic, 397b
- Plato, Republic, 398d
- Plato, Republic, 601a
- Plato, Symposium, 187b
- Thucydides, Histories, 5.70
- Xenophon, Anabasis, 5.4.14
- Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.3.10
- Xenophon, Memorabilia, 3.10.10
- Xenophon, Symposium, 2.22
- Polybius, Histories, 4.20.6
- Aristophanes, Clouds, 638
- Hippocrates, De articulis, 62
- Dionysius of Halicarnassus, De Compositione Verborum, 17
Note [PM] : Dans son article de 1951 sur « La notion de ’rythme’ dans son expression linguistique », Benveniste fait remarquer : « Le Dictionnaire de Liddell-Scott-Jones, s. v. ῥυθμός, fournit la plupart des références qui ont été utilisées. Mais les différentes acceptions de ῥυθμός y sont rangées à peu près au hasard, en procédant du sens de ’rythme’, et sans qu’on discerne le principe du classement. » (Benveniste, 1966, p. 328)